Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Much of this work in epigenetics and fetal programming has investigated the effects of intrauterine growth restriction and maternal smoking.
#THE OFFSPRING TORRENT TORRENT#
The significant increase in maternal obesity over maternal obesity and heart disease in the offspring torrent last decade has had ramifications for all aspects of female reproductive health, with maternal adiposity strongly associated with an increased risk of almost all maternal and fetal complications. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been demonstrated as early as embryogenesis by maternal obesity. Accordingly, these differentially expressed miRNAs may be potential diagnostic markers for detecting at an early stage abnormal fetal development in clinic.Īn imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanisms leads to cellular damage via oxidative stress. This suggests that the metabolic profile in early gestation dictates placental growth and development, and indicates involvement of maternal insulin in these processes. Keywords: Epigenetics gestational diabetes maternal obesity mitochondria type 2 diabetes. To date, it is unclear if epigenetic changes established in utero are persistent throughout life or can be modulated by postnatal environmental factors.
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Optimal total gestational weight gain ranges, sensitivity analyses eTable Several clinical studies have investigated associations between maternal obesity and epigenetic changes in offspring. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to test for normal distribution. Maternal obesity and prenatal programming.
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However, the effect of gestational weight gain in addition to that of pre-pregnancy BMI was small. MiRNAs are involved in the regulation of biological processes, including differentiation, cell proliferation and energy metabolism.