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Launching a major revision of the Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press for the first time proposed to do so using computational methods. Both in the research community and, increasingly, beyond it, the goals of corpus linguistics and artificial intelligence alike had established a need to work on large-scale digitized textual resources just as the technologies to support such work were beginning to appear. The Internet already existed, as did many theories about how it might be used "hypertextually," though the World Wide Web was still barely an idea. Such neologisms as "desktop publishing," "expert systems," and "digital resources" began to appear in serious academic journals, as well as dominating the discourse of fledgling online communities such as the Humanist discussion list launched in 1987. The tide of personal computers able (allegedly) to close the gap between the writer and the publisher would soon engulf us as surely as Microsoft Word would replace the seemingly unstoppable Word Perfect 4.2 (released in 1986).
Tei text encoding intiative meaning software#
The process of digitization of the office environment had already begun in some scientific disciplines with software such as TeX, Scribe, or tRoff becoming dominant in the production and dissemination of research articles and documentation. However, any serious computing would still be done on your departmental minicomputer (perhaps a VAX or a PDP) or your institutional "mainframe," as the massive energy-hungry arrays of transistors and magnetic storage systems sold by such companies as IBM, Univac, Burroughs, ICL, or Control Data were known.ĢAt the same time, much of the work done on those massive machines looks quite familiar today.
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And meanwhile in another part of the forest Steve Jobs was busy imagining the Next computer, which would run something like Unix, but with a Windowing interface.
Tei text encoding intiative meaning windows#
New machines were beginning to appear on the market, some of them with nearly enough memory and processing power to run Microsoft's new Windows operating system, or IBM's optimistically named "OS/2," also launched in this year. A typical "home computer" cost about 1,500 pounds in the UK, had an Intel 80286 processor and up to 640 Kb of memory, with maybe up to 50 Mb of storage on its internal hard disk, and probably ran some version of Microsoft's ubiquitous MS-DOS, unless of course it was a Macintosh. In academic life, it was still (just about) possible to finance an undergraduate degree on the basis of government grants. A major political power called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics still existed, while in the UK, Margaret Thatcher's government had just been reelected for a third time, and in the US the Senate rejected for the first (and so far only) time a presidential nomination to the Supreme Court.
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In 1987, there was no such thing as the World Wide Web, and construction of the tunnel beneath the English Channel had only just begun. 1The Text Encoding Initiative was born into quite a different world from that of today.